医学英文论文套路大揭秘，翻译/润色/写作均适用！

The concept of “misery perfusion” was first described in the early 1980s to describe a mismatch between reduced cerebral blood flow and an increase in oxygen extraction fraction in an area distal to a large-vessel occlusion

Evidence that both quality and patient safety are jeopardized for patients undergoing transitions across care settings continues to expand.

We sought to develop and test a self-report measure of the quality of care transitions that captures the patient’s perspective and has demonstrated utility for quality improvement.

This paper seeks to identify an action agenda that may hold promise for improving patients’ experiences with hospital care in England.

Specifically, we first provide evidence of the importance of RNs to patients using data from a large sample of patients in NHS hospitals in England to show how patients’ experience with care is strongly related to better confidence in nurses as well as doctors, and their perceptions of whether there were enough nurses in their hospitals. 

Although controversy continues,the earlier findings of higher mortality with transurethral surgery may well have arisen through uncontrolled confounding owing to data inadequacies. 

We hypothesized that the adverse effects of incidental appendectomy would be demonstrable in low- risk group/ patients in which the undetected effects of surgical case selection would be less likely to confound adjusted outcome comparisons.

Patients aged 18 years and older discharged from one of the 3 hospitals of a vertically integrated health system were included.

A total of 623 patients were identified from the health delivery system’s administrative records as meeting study eligibility criteria, and 201 were selected for participation using random consecutive selection.

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to access cognitive impairment.

Hospital work environment was measured by the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, an extensively used survey-based measure with established reliability and validity32–35 leading to its adoption by the National Quality Forum as a nurse sensitive quality of care indicator.

There are not comparable studies in England using the NHS National Inpatient Survey that could help determine whether better RN staffing and better clinical hospital work environments are associated with more favourable patient experience with hospital care.

The measure of work environment used is a composite measure formed from five subscales (comprising 28 survey items) measuring resource adequacy (four items), nurse participation in hospital affairs (eight items), nursing foundations for quality care (nine items), nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses (four items) and nurse-physician relations (three items). 

The Care Transitions Measure (CTM), a 15-item measure of the quality of preparation for care transitions, was found to have high internal consistency, reliability, and reflect 4 focus group-derived content domains.

Missed nursing care is associated with less favourable patient satisfaction in the US hospitals

Further insights into how quality of care might be improved in NHS hospitals is revealed when data from the NHS Inpatient Survey is linked with information on actual hospital RN staffing and nurses’ assessments of the quality of their work environments. 

Table 1 and figure 1 use data from 66348 patients in 161 trusts collected in the 2010 NHS Survey of Inpatients to show how patients’ ratings of their care are highly associated with their confidence in nurses and in doctors, and with their perceptions of whether there were enough nurses to provide needed care. 

An early cognitive assessment within the first weeks post-stroke provides valuable information on long term cognitive performance, return to work and functional outcome.

…that could provide new insights into the substrates of cognitive dysfunction after stroke, and provide suggestions for future areas of research in this field.

The CTM not only provides meaningful, patient centered insight into the quality of care transitions, but because of the association between CTM scores and undesirable utilization outcomes, it also provides information that may be useful to clinicians.

These findings reinforce from patients’ perspectives the importance of adequate hospital RN staffing.

Stroke is an important cause of  dementia that could be preventable, so the mechanisms and consequences of the relationship between stroke and dementia need to be understood.

Cognitive impairment is common after stroke and its recognition is crucial, as it impacts on rehabilitation.

The development and testing of the CTM needs to be considered in a broader context.

Our findings have potential application to current national efforts aimed at increasing public reporting of health care quality. 

The CTM may potentially fill an important gap in assessing the quality of care transitions from the patient’s perspective. 

Although existing measures may include a few transition-related items, most surveys developed to date have not adequately addressed the quality of transitions from the perspective of the patient and caregiver.

The importance of care transitions to the overall quality of an episode of care has historically been underappreciated and, consequently, understudied

Our results are consistent with other research showing that higher patient workloads for RNs in NHS hospitals are associated with adverse patient outcomes including higher hospital mortality.